Alumina is the most mature of the engineering ceramics, offering excellent electrical insulation properties together with high hardness and good wear resistance but relatively low strength and fracture toughness.
Alumina is an electrically insulating material, with a high electrical resistivity, increasing with purity.
A fire brick, firebrick, or refractory brick is a block of refractory ceramic material used in lining furnaces, kilns, fireboxes, and fireplaces.
The silica firebricks that line steel-making furnaces are used at temperatures up to 1650°C (3000°F), which would melt many other types of ceramic, and in fact part of the silica firebrick liquefies. HRSI, a material with the same composition, is used to make the insulating tiles of the space shuttle.
Basic Refractories / Monolithic
Monolithic refractory is the name generally given to all unshaped refractory products, the word monolithic coming from the word monolith meaning 'big stone'. These are materials which are installed as some form of suspension that ultimately harden to form a solid mass.
Most monolithic formulations consist of large refractory particulates (an aggregate), fine filler materials (which fill the interparticle voids) and a binder phase (that gels the particulates together in the green state).
Mortars / Nozzles
Mortars consist of finely ground refractory materials which are then mixed with water to form a paste. They are used for laying and bonding shaped refractory products such as bricks. They are normally applied by trowelling.
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